Longevity, Performance & Obesity Research (60 Capsules) (5-Amino-1MQ, NMN, JBSNF)

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NNMT and the Futile Cycle

Nicotinamide N-methyltransferase is an enzyme critical to the metabolism of NAD and thus a key player in metabolic regulation. Found primarily in human fat and liver cells, NNMT processes vitamin B3 and catalyzes the conversion of nicotinamide and s-adenosyl-L-methionine to 1-methylnicotinamide and S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine. A-adenosyl-L-homocysteine is a precursor to adenosine (an important component of the energy molecule ATP).

Down-regulation of NNMT results in a futile cycle, which means there is no net biochemical gain and heat is the only product generated. Such cycles essentially waste energy and thus help to fight obesity as well as keep animal’s warms. Silencing NNMT actually increases the sugar transporter GLUT4 and helps to fight insulin resistance. In mouse models, an over-expression of NNMT leads to insulin resistance, diabetes, obesity, and heart issues.

So, why is this important? All of the peptides discussed in this article affect NNMT and the futile cycle. NMN is a precursor to NAD and appears to increase levels of naturally occurring sirtuins. Sirtuins are thought to influence cellular processes like apoptosis, stress response, and aging. Unfortunately, they also turn NAD into nicotinamide and can thus increase flux through NNMT. Too much NNMT is a bad thing as it decreases GLUT4 signaling and promotes obesity.

Fortunately, the effects of too much NAD can be counteracted by 5-amino-1MQ a potent inhibitor of the NNMT enzyme. A combination of the two peptides would yield all of the benefits that sirutins provide while counteracting the negative effects of their production.

JBSNF-000088 has similar effects to 5-amino-1MQ and has been found to inhibit NNMT activity. The peptide has been linked to decreased blood sugar levels and improved glucose tolerance in mice.

So, by combining these three peptides, it might be possible to drastically alter energy metabolism for the better while simultaneously boosting anti-aging, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptosis activity in cells. The diagram below shows that inhibition of NNMT means that additional NMN converted to NAD will result in increased energy metabolism and decreased fat mass. Research into each of these individual compounds has been compelling, but research into the combination may result in serious benefits.

Source: NCBI

It is important to note that not all forms of a peptide are equivalent. In the case of BPC 157, there are two forms of the peptide: an Arginate salt and an Acetate salt. Research with oral administration of standard BPC 157 (acetate salt) has shown that it tends to break down in gastric acid more than the ariginate salt form. The body’s response to this is to simply produce a lot of BPC 157 and only in the areas where it is needed. Of course, this solution is not tenable when delivering the peptide orally and so scientists set out to produce a more stable form of BPC 157 by adding additional chemical structures to the peptide that resist gastric acid but do not alter overall function. The more orally bioavailable “stable” form of BPC 157 is the arginate salt. Studies show that just 5% of BPC 157 arginate is degraded after 5 hours in gastric acid as compared to 98% of the acetate salt. By reducing the degradation of BPC 157, the arginate salt makes the peptide more effective as an orally administered compound. The enhanced oral bioavailability of the arginate salt makes it the preferred choice in BPC 157 oral research.

Weight Loss and Energy Metabolism

Each of these peptides has a positive impact of energy metabolism. NMN, for instance, boosts NAD levels. Low NAD has long been associated with obesity while high NAD is generally associated with healthy diets rich in vegetables. High levels of NAD are associated with ideal body mass composition and increased longevity.

Now, high NAD levels, as shown in the diagram in the last section, will definitely increase energy metabolism and lower obesity, but there can also be negative effects. The major negative effect is an increase in NNMT activity. This can actually counter the beneficial effects of NMN and may explain why the peptide has not made it out of rodent studies. Fortunately, 5-amino-1MQ and JBSNF-000088 both inhibit NNMT. This not only decreases the side effects of high NAD levels; it actually boosts the positive effects by forcing more NAD down the beneficial pathway of weight loss and fat burning.

Research shows that daily administration of 5-amino-1MQ produces progressive weight loss in mice. After just 11 days, mice given 5-amino-1MQ lose the equivalent of 5.1% of their body weight. In a human weighing 200 pounds, that is the equivalent of losing 10 pounds in a week! What is more, the weight loss occurs even though the mice continue eating just as much food as they did before. Even more remarkable still, however, is that the treated mice show a 35% decrease in white adipose tissue. These mice not only showed a reduction in the numbers of white adipose cells, but those that remained were 30% smaller than the same cells in the control group.

Research in mice also shows that JBSNF-000088 reduces body weight.  Once again, this weight loss is seen in spite of continued average rates of food intake. Interestingly, while 5-amino-1MQ appears to improve body weight regardless of genetics, JBSNF-000088 only alters body weight in specific genetic settings. This doesn’t mean that JBSNF-000088 won’t work in those with obesity, but rather may not work in individuals with certain genetic forms of obesity. This suggests that interference with NNMT may not be the only mechanism by which  JBSNF-000088 produces weight loss. It would be interesting to see how a combination trial of the compounds in this article might alter JBSNF-000088 function

What is interesting about the JBSNF-000088 trial is that it showed reductions in 1-methyl-nicotinamide in white adipose tissue, but not liver. Remember that 1-methyl-nicotinamide is a product of NNMT, so the study showed reduced NNMT levels in white adipose tissue of genetically obese mice, but not in liver. There is currently no explanation for this difference, but it may explain why the peptide was less effective in genetically obese mice and may offer some insight into energy metabolism as it relates the liver versus adipose tissue.

Diabetes and Blood Sugar

All three of these compounds can help to reduce the risk of diabetes in mouse models, even among mice that are genetically predisposed to develop diabetes and among mice fed a high fat or high sugar diet. JBSNF-000088 is the most potent anti-diabetic in this group and has been shown in mouse models to drastically improve glucose handling, even in genetically obese mice. This likely arises as a result of its ability to interfere with NNMT function as research in the past has shown that interventions to improve insulin sensitivity, such as exercise and even bariatric surgery, decrease NNMT expression in adipose tissue. This is important because, as noted above, JBSNF-000088 appears to primarily affect NNMT expression in fat cells and not in live cells.

Like JBSNF-000088, 5 amino-1MQ helps to regulate blood sugar levels by decreasing activity of NNMT. In this case, the research indicates that 5-amino-1MQ increases the transport of glucose by boosting GLUT-4 expression.

The mechanism by which NMN fights diabetes is completely different. Research shows that NMN, which it is capable of reducing adiposity and improving mitochondrial function, may also protect beta cells in the pancreas from damage. This benefit has been shown in both Type I and Type II diabetes, a remarkable feature of NMN and one that has led the healthcare industry to investigate its use as rescue treatment for people suffering from “traditional” diabetes.

So, JBSNF-000088 and 5-amino-1MQ work to move sugar from the blood and into cells where it can be used. This improves insulin sensitivity because the GLUT-4 transporter works independently of insulin. Thus, glucose levels drop even as insulin levels remain the same. This takes pressure off of the pancreas and helps to prevent “insulin burnout.” Further protecting the pancreas, through an entirely different mechanism, is NMN, which keeps the beta cells healthy so that they can produce insulin and regulate energy metabolism.

The Anti-Aging Effects of NAD

NAD is a primary marker of aging, declining over time and in certain disease conditions. Remember than NMN enhances NAD biosynthesis as shown in the diagram above. In mouse models, NMN administration has been shown to mitigate age-related physiological decline without any side effects. Things like loss of lean body mass, decreases in bone density, alterations of energy metabolism are virtually halted with NMN supplementation. According to Dr. David Sinclair, professor of genetics at Harvard Medical School, NMN is likely one of the keys to extending human life span to 150 years and may be the closest we have gotten to the fountain of youth yet.

New research suggests that 5-amino-1MQ and JBSNF-000088 can, through inhibition of NNMT, actually alter the structure of our DNA and affect cellular senescence. It is important to note that DNA activity is controlled through a process of methylation and demethylation that makes the DNA accessible to enzymes that process it. The science that studies this aspect of DNA is called epigenetics and the changes (methylation/demethylation) are referred to as epigenetic changes. Research has led us to understand that at least some aspects of aging are due to accumulated epigenetic changes to our DNA that renders it less functional than it is in our youth. This can lead to cell and tissue dysfunction and is thought to be an important component of cellular aging (senescence). There is speculation, but not a great deal of research at this point to suggest that 5-amino-1MQ and similar NNMT inhibitors may actually fight against these epigenetic changes and thus reduce the effects of aging. In fact, there is some preliminary research to suggest that preventing these epigenetic changes actually keeps stem cells viable for longer, thus maintaining a pool of cells capable of replacing those that are injured or senescent

Interestingly, the benefits of 5-amino-1MQ in aging are boosted by co-administration of things like NMN. This suggest that all of these peptides may be working together in some way to boost NAD levels and that NAD may, in fact, be the underlying common denominator. A great deal of research needs to be done in this area to unlock all of the secrets of the synergy that exists between 5-amino-1MQ, JBSNF-000088, and NMN in fighting the effects of aging.

Performance and Muscle Protection

As noted above, 5-amino-1MQ and JBSNF-000088 may play an important role in maintaining stem cell populations. This phenomenon has been most clearly observed in muscle tissue, where 5-amino-1MQ helps to preserve the satellite cells or myogenic stem cells that provide a pool of renewable muscle-forming cells throughout life. This ability not only fights the effects of aging, but may actually enhance performance as well. An increased number of stem cells in any tissue means faster, more complete recovery when injury does occur. In the case of muscle, this could be anything from a traumatic injury to the types of micro-injuries caused by lifting and exercise. The ability to heal faster and more completely could thus easily improve performance. And just imagine if this same phenomenon is found in lung tissue, cardiac tissue, or even neurologic/brain tissue.

 

Source: Research Gate

Adding to the performance gains of an increased supply of stem cells is NMN, which boosts NAD levels and thus helps to maintain normal metabolic function. This means that existing cells can continue to perform at their peak because they have access to the energy they need. For NMN, this has been most clearly demonstrated in brain tissue.

NMN’s effects on performance are not strictly limited to NAD levels, however, research also shows that the molecule inhibits an enzyme called PARP1. The mechanics of how PARP1 inhibition can improve performance are complicated, but in the end they come down to the fact that PARP1 inhibition forces cells to repair DNA damage through recombination rather than nucleotide excision repair (NER). NER is error prone while recombination is not. But more importantly, recombination is only possible when cells reproduce and divide. Thus, PARP1 inhibition forces cells to replicate to repair DNA or be removed by apoptosis. Thus, unhealthy cells are removed while the healthiest of cells are forced to divide and produce more healthy cells. The net result is tissue with more active cells and those actives cells are necessarily the cream of the crop so to speak.

Put together, these molecules help to modulate the cellular life cycle in a way that ensures that only the healthiest cells survive, that unhealthy cells are promptly removed, and that a robust supply of stem cells is at the ready to replace those that are removed. This leads not to tissue that is made up of the greatest number of active cells and those active cells are pulled from a pool of the healthiest cells available. Overall, this means much healthier, more functional tissue and organ systems.

Putting Together the Benefits of NMN, 5-Amino-1MQ, and JBSNF-000088

These compounds affect everything from energy metabolism to cellular performance to aging, primarily by affecting levels of NAD, the expression of GLUT-4 receptors, the activity of the NNMT enzyme, and the production of molecules known as sirutins. By increasing levels of NAD and decreasing the activity of NNMT, these molecules work together to improve cellular metabolism, enhance weight loss, and improve glucose control. The latter is further enhanced by the fact that NNMT inhibition boosts the expression of GLUT-4 receptors, insulin-independent glucose transporters that are linked to decreased risk of diabetes and improved insulin sensitivity.

Further benefits of the synergy between these peptides are seen in cellular aging, where increased levels of NAD help stem cells to survive and thrive. This, of course, provides a pool of healthy cells that can readily take the place of those that are worn or damaged, leading to improved tissue function and decreased effects of aging. These anti-aging effects also lead to performance gains as the combination of these molecules helps to ensure that tissue and organ systems are composed of the healthiest, most active cells available.

NMN, 5-Amino-1MQ, and JBSNF-000088 exhibits minimal side effects, good oral and excellent subcutaneous bioavailability in mice. Per kg dosage in mice does not scale to humans. NMN, 5-Amino-1MQ, and JBSNF-000088 for sale at USA Peptide Store is limited to educational and scientific research only, not for human consumption. Only buy NMN, 5-Amino-1MQ, and JBSNF-000088 if you are a licensed researcher.

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At USA Peptide Store, our research peptides are of the highest purity and pharmaceutical grade. Our NMN, 5-Amino-1MQ, and JBSNF-000088 peptide comes in 5-Amino-1MQ 50mg, NMN 50mg, JBSNF 5mg (60 capsules). We’re passionate about our products, and we always strive to provide our customers with the best in both selection and quality. All of the products we provide are tested to verify authenticity and purity, so you can conduct your research with confidence.

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